Large Tortoiseshell Nymphalis polychloros

ab.orichalcea Bois-Reymond 1931

The ground colour of a peculiar dull brassy yellow, the brown markings less intense and dark.

ab. pyrrhomelaena Hubner 1805

The two upper black costal spots united into a bar or blotch, the lower one separated. Instead of the normal black marginal band, there yellow and black rays, and the twin discal spots are absent. Hindwings black with an antemarginal yellowish band and yellowish marginal lunules.

I have also given the description for ab. testudo Esper 1777 below:

ab. testudo Esper 1777

The three black costal spots on the forewing all united into one long blotch or bar with just a trace of normal ground colour in its lower half.

The two black spots on the inner margin are also united and the marginal band is not dark but the same colour as the rest of the wing, except for traces of darker colour in its centre, which is cut by the black veins.

Hindwings blackish, the margins showing dusky-yellow lunules.